Toobaa

Unlike the monarchical-feudal states of Christian Europe, the Islamic People linked segmental groups without destroying their internal structures. […] The People, it was said, were bound together by faith and justice, not, like the Arab tribes, by kinship. Islam revolutionalised tribal society by catapulting the individual into the centre of social responsibility; no longer could one shelter behind the group from God. Concern for justice must override clan ties.

—- Anthony Black, The History of Islamic Political Thought